The UN's figure is based on research by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) carried out between 9 and 16 March.
Of the 2,000 internally displaced people it surveyed:
nearly 30% had come from Kyiv, more than 36% had fled from the east of Ukraine and 20% had come from the north
nearly 40% were now in the west of Ukraine, with less than 3% in Kyiv
only 5% had left their homes in anticipation of the invasion, with the vast majority fleeing either at the start of the war or when it reached their area
The IOM (International organization for Migration) estimates that more than half of the people who are internally displaced are women, and many are deemed particularly vulnerable because they are pregnant, have a disability or are a victim of violence.
Refugees are also crossing to neighboring countries to the west, such as Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary and Moldova.
The UN says that as of 21 March, 3.5 million people have left Ukraine:
Poland has taken in 2,113,554 refugees
Romania 543,308
Moldova 367,913
Hungary 317,863
Slovakia 253,592
Russia 252,376
Belarus 4,308
Some people have travelled from Moldova into Romania and so are included in both countries' totals, the UN says.
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